vu mth202 Mid Term Subjective Solved Past Paper No.1

In manual environment, the concept of transformation was difficult to apply, since input of data into records was by itself the output which also included simple computations.Concept of control mechanism grew stronger as computerized information systems emerged.

CBIS is an Information System that uses computer & telecommunications technology to perform its intended tasks. In CBIS, Information technology (IT) becomes a subset of the Information system.

Computer Aided Design (CAD)

"It is a system that enables drawings to be constructed on a computer screen and subsequently stored, manipulated and updated electronically."

The ability to rotate or create movement in the design allows testing for clearances and frequently reduces the cost of prototyping the products. The technology is used for a wide variety of products in such fields as architecture, electronics, and aerospace, naval, and automotive engineering. Although CAD systems originally merely automated drafting, they now usually include three­dimensional modeling and computersimulatedoperation of the model. Rather than having to build prototypes and change components to determine the effects of tolerance ranges, engineers can use computers to simulate operation to determine loads and stresses. For example, an automobile manufacturer might use CAD to calculate the wind drag on several new car­body designs without having to build physical models of each one. In microelectronics, as devices have become smaller and more complex, CAD has become an especially important technology.

Among the benefits of such systems are lower product­development costs and a greatly shortened design cycle. While less expensive CAD systems running on personal computers have become available for do­ityourselfhome remodeling and simple drafting, state­of­the­art CAD systems running on workstations and mainframe computers are increasingly integrated with computer­aided manufacturing systems.

Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

Computer­aided manufacturing (CAM) is a form of automation where computers communicate work instructions directly to the manufacturing machinery.

In manual environment, the concept of transformation was difficult to apply, since input of data into records was by itself the output which also included simple computations.Concept of control mechanism grew stronger as computerized information systems emerged.

CBIS is an Information System that uses computer & telecommunications technology to perform its intended tasks. In CBIS, Information technology (IT) becomes a subset of the Information system.

Management information system

MIS makes information available to relevant users by producing pre-determined and pre-designed reports required by the management.

Management information system helps middle level management planning, controlling and decision making. The data stored can be used or manipulated to produce differently defined reports from pre-defined reports. It can be presented graphically or pictorially. The reports generated by the MIS are used for analytical decision making by the management. The application software can construct projections, build scenarios, do what if analysis to enable better Decision making.

1. MIS
2. Provides information on monitoring and controlling the business
3. Fixed and regular reports are generated from data kept in TPS.
4. Report formats are predefined.
5. User is part of the system
6. Controlled by IT Dept

Decision Support Systems

DSS was defined by Bill Inmon, father of data warehouse, as "a system used to support managerial decisions. Usually DSS involves the analysis of many units of data in a heuristic fashion. As a rule, DSS processing does not involve the update of data"

1. DSS
2. Helps in non routine decision making
3. Users are not linked with the structured information flows.
4. Greater emphasis on models, display graphics & ad hoc queries
5. DSS is a small part of users' actions.
6. Directly used by middle level managers

MKIS helps organizations in efficient channel management. Following can be identified as some of the benefits of MKIS.

1. Customer profiles need to be maintained focusing on their habits and spending patterns. MKIS helps in maintaining these profiles.
2. Information on what competitors have been up to is also critical marketing information. This should not be taken as espionage on competitors.
3. Forecasts of demand are also a critical part of marketing analysis. MKIS helps in achieving this as well.
4. Field sales can also be monitored where sales agents are used to market products.
5. Customers can be quickly updated based on their information kept in MKIS.
6. Dealers involved in sale of product can also be monitored to help enhance revenue's

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an expression used to describe what some see as a company's obligation to be sensitive to the needs of not only all of the stakeholders in its business operations but more importantly the community at large. It has been defined as: "The continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as the local community and society as large."

Businesses are now seen as partners of the communities in which they may be located rather than simply as a profit making set up serving the needs of their stake holders. Corporate social responsibility incorporates the principle of sustainable development along with "triple bottom line reporting" reflecting not only financial results but also social and environmental impact of the business.

Following are the characteristics of a flat organization.

1. High number of subordinates per supervisor
2. Short of chain of command
3. Less number of levels
4. Eliminates middle level managers
5. Decentralizes authority to low level managers

Components of a system
Following are the important components of the system.

Input elements

Raw Data input to the computer system

Process

Computation, analysis, application of any model

Output elements

Results of computation or analysis

Control mechanism

Comparison of actual with expected

Feedback system

Corrective action

Objectives

Expected/Ideal output

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