vu mkt630 Mid Term Subjective Solved Past Paper No.1

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Components of expert system

User Interface: to enable the manager to enter instructions and information into an expert system to receive information from it.

Knowledge Base

:

it is the database of the expert system. It contains rules to express the logic of the problem.

Inference engine

:

it is the database management system of the expert system. It performs reasoning by using the contents of the knowledge base.

Development engine

it is used to create an expert system.

Neural Network vs. Expert System

Expert systems seek to model a human expert's way of solving problems. They are highly specific to seeking solutions. Neural networks do not model human intelligence. They seek to put intelligence into the hardware in the form of generalized capability to learn.

Incremental Model

The incremental model is a method of software or Information System development where the model is designed, implemented and tested incrementally until the product is finished. It involves both development and maintenance. This model combines the elements of the waterfall model with the philosophy of prototyping.

CIM has three basic goals

Simplification of all manufacturing technologies and techniques

Automation of as many of the manufacturing processes as possible by integrationof many information technologies like

Flexible Manufacturing Systems - a form of flexible automation in whichseveral machine tools are linked together by a material-handling system controlled by a central computer. It is distinguished from an automated productionline by its ability to process more than one product style simultaneously.

Computer aided Engineering (CAE) -- the application of computer software inengineering to analyze the robustness and performance of components, assemblies, products and manufacturing tools.

Just in time (JIT) - A Japanese idea that inventory is manufactured (or acquired)only as the need for it arises or in time to be sold (or used). A major goal is to cutdown on inventory investment.

3. Integration and coordination of all the manufacturing aspects through computerhardware and software

Computer Aided Design (CAD)

It is a system that enables drawings to be constructed on a computer screen and subsequently stored, manipulated and updated electronically.

Types of System Development Life-Cycle Model

The concept of system development lifecycle model has been explained in various shapes and forms. The concluding form follows the same spirit except for minor differences.

Waterfall model / Classic lifecycle/ Linear Sequential Model

The waterfall model is a software development model (a process for the creation of software) in which development is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the various phases

Incremental Models

In incremental models, software is built not written. Software is constructed step by step in the same way a building is constructed. The products is designed, implemented, integrated and tested as a series of incremental builds, where a build consists of code pieces from various modules interacting together to provide a specific functional capability and testable as a whole.

Iterative Models

In these models customer feed back is taken at each phase and project is modified accordingly - if need be. Prototypes are used in these models.

Corporate or business ethics have attained vital importance in today's world. The issue not only addresses matters such as how those charged with governance and managing businesses take decisions but importantly the employee conduct and behavior the corporations responsibility in terms of its image, product, branding, trade, business practices and compliance with not only national and regional but also international laws.The huge number of financial and corporate scandals has moved the regulators to take suitable action. In Pakistan all listed companies particularly are required to follow the code of corporate governance.

Technical Feasibility - is the available technology sufficient to support the proposed projectCan the technology be acquired or developed?

1. Response times - time between request and execution
2. Volume of transactions which can processed within the given time
3. Capacity to hold files or records of a certain size
4. Number of users supported without execution

Designing file or database

This serves following purposes:

1. Data accessibility is ensured to the user is ensured as and when required.
2. Data consistency - data updates in master file will automatically update the data in the whole system.
3. Data is efficiently processed & stored.
4. Data integrity that is Correctness of data is ensured. This does not mean that incorrect amounts entered into the computer will be automatically corrected by because the computer only records what is entered but if there is an error in entering pre-defined parameters these would be corrected or thrown up as an error. Further, the data processed according to the pre-defined procedures every time around without any change unless an error has been caused to the program handling the data.