vu mgt401 Mid Term Subjective Solved Past Paper No.1

Kramsch and Whiteside (2008) defined Symbolic Competence as the ability to position oneself as a multilingual subject, to understand the cultural memories evoked by symbolic systems, to perform and create alternative realities, and to reframe and shape the multilingual game in which one invests. Kramsch believes that there are three dimensions of language as symbolic system, namely, symbolic representation, symbolic action, and symbolic power. Discourse plays important role in the interpretation of symbolic competence as it refers to language use beyond the sentence level. Relationship between language and contexts contribute in the understanding of symbolic competence. It is believed that 'Symbolic Competence is also engaged in the symbolic power game of challenging established meanings and redefining the real.'

The Competition Model is a psycholinguistic theory of language acquisition and sentence processing developed by Elizabeth Bates and Brian MacWhinney which describes language development in formal and informal settings. It also looks into the role of cognitive mechanisms that occur in the learner's brain while processing language. MacWhinney (2002) considers the input, the learner, and the context as the three main components in the language learning process. Lexical Functionalism, Connectionism, Input-Driven Learning, and Capacity are the dominant features of the model.

The Associative-Cognitive CREED Theory in SLA was introduced by Nick Ellis which claims that language is learned in the same way as any other human skill. This theory is based on both the behavioral (associations) and cognitivist (cognitive) traditions.

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He was the former chief justice; he was the chairman of a constitutional commission in 1960.

He was the governal general of Pakistan during Sept. 1948-Oct 1951. He was also the prime minister of Pakistan during Oct 1951-April 1953

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The Khilafat movement (1919-1924) was a pan-Islamic, political campaign launched byMuslims in British India to influence the British government and to protect the Ottoman Empire during the aftermath of World War I. The position of Caliph after the Armistice of Mudros of October 1918 with the military occupation of Istanbul and Treaty of Versailles(1919) fell into a disambiguation along with the Ottoman Empire's existence. The movement gained force after the Treaty of Sèvres (August 1920) which solidified the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire[1]. In India, although mainly a Muslim religious movement, the movement became a part of the wider Indian independence movement. The movement was a topic in Conference of London (February 1920). The Lucknow pact showed that it was possible for middle-class, English-educated Muslims and Hindus to arrive at an amicable settlement on Hindu-Muslim constitutional and political problems. This unity reached its climax during the Khilafat and the Non-Cooperation Movements.After World War I, the Ottoman Empire faced dismemberment. Under the leadership of the Ali Brothers, Maulana Muhammad Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali, the Muslims of South Asia launched the historic Khilafat Movement to try and save it. Mohandas Karam Chand Gandhi linked the issue of Swaraj with the Khilafat issue to associate Hindus with the movement. The ensuing movement was the first countrywide popular movement.The Muslims of India had a strong feeling of identity with the world community of Islam. They had seen the decline in the political fortunes of Islam as the European powers conquered the Muslim lands one after the other. The Anglo-Russian convention of 1908 had reduced their next-door neighbor Iran to a mere dependency.Afghanistan also suffered as it