vu mgt111 Mid Term Subjective Solved Past Paper No.1

From the very beginning of Pakistan Movement there was an agreement that the state will have close relationship with Islam. Muslims defined their national identity with reference to Islam and its heritage. Some opposition came from the Congress members of the Constituent Assembly, and a few secularists. There was a BROAD AGREEMENT that the state will identify itself with Islam. The Constituent Assembly took time to define the precise relationship between the state and Islam.

Egypt under Nasser had some reservations due to Pakistan's ties with the West. Pakistan supported Egypt when it was attacked by Israel in 1956, 1967, 1973. The relations began to improve since 1967 and especially after the death of Nasser in 1970.

August 16, 1946

The ML's timely coercive political strategy brought the Congress on table with the British. The Interim Government was formed under Nehru onSeptember 2, 1946 and the ML stayed away. They joined it on October 25, 1946:

1. Liaquat Ali Khan
2. Sardar Abdur-Rab Nishtar
3. Raja Gazanfar Ali
4. Chundrigar
5. J. N. Mandal

There were a number of problems of smooth functioning of the Interim Government due to the Muslim-Hindu differences.

Importance of Education:

Education is a key to development for individual, society and state. It shapes natural qualities and talents of the individuals. It has positive relevance to family and society. It also confers citizens' confidence to deal with environment, a sense of purpose. Education provides a goal orientation and is helpful to others by educating them. Education provides entitlement to job and professions. It gives effective tanning to the citizens about their rights and duties. It plays a more constructive role in character building of the person and in turn society as a whole. Education should be integrated to nation building and should be able to transmit the primary values. Education should be responsible for the formation of attitude.

It should transmit socialization among individuals. Education system is designed according to the ideology of the state and its identity. Education is the indicator of socio-economic development. For the real progress proper educational facilities should be provided. Literacy rate should be enhanced. Trained and qualified human power can make a nation success. Only such educated people can better be equipped to deal with changing situations and challenges of the time. Education provides better understanding of international environment that affects all of us. Islam asks Muslims to get education. Other religions also value education. Resource allocation for education is far from satisfactory. It is much less than what a large number of countries spend on education, especially those having developed after World War II. Most of these allocations go to salaries and administration. Fewer amounts are given for infrastructure, facilities of research and development.

Low Literacy

In Pakistan literacy rate is 46 per cent. While meaningful literacy is far less. Female literacy is lower. In rural areas literacy is much low.

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Constitution is a set of basic principles and framework for governance and exercise of political power and legal authority. It clarifies the scope of power, relationship among various institutions within the government and society. It has precedence over ordinary laws and cannot be changed like ordinary laws.

Background Military took over on 7 October 1958 and consequently Ayub Khan became Chief Martial Law Administrator. One major task was to frame a new Constitution. The administration was critical of Parliamentary system because it caused instability in the past. They sought stability of the nation in the gradual development of democracy.

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It was a small state with access to sea having about 7 lakh population and 3377 mile area. The ruler was Muslim while the majority of its population was Hindu. The ruler decided to accede to Pakistan and Pakistanalso accepted the accession. In November 1947, the Indian troops entered the state and took its control. The referendum favoured India.

Features of the Constitution

Parliamentary System

It was a parliamentary constitution having powerful Prime Minister (PM) as head of government with a very weak President. President must act on the advice of PM. All his orders were to be countersigned by PM. Prime Minister to be elected by the NA.

PM exercised all executive authority. PM was answerable to the NA. In 1985, powers of the President were increased. He enjoyed some discretion in appointments of PM. He had power to dissolve the NA. He had the powers of appointment of caretaker PM. He gives his assent to bills passed by the parliament or returns these.

President:

Must be at least 45 years of age, Muslim, qualified to become member of the NA. He is elected by the Parliament and the Provincial Assemblies for 5 years. 3.3. Parliament with two houses: Upper House called Senate. In this house equal representation is given to Provinces. Seats are reserved for the tribal areas, women and technocrats. Its original strength net was 63, which was later raised to 87 and then 100. Senate is elected indirectly. It's a permanent House as half of its members are elected after three years. Lower House: National Assembly is elected on population basis. Its Original strength was 210 but now it is 342. NA is elected for five years. Senate: Indirect elections National Assembly: Direct elections Voting age for the franchise is lowered from 21 to 18. Parliament under 1973 constitution is a powerful legislative body. It enjoys all