vu cs410 Mid Term Subjective Solved Past Paper No.2
vu cs410 Visual Programming Solved Past Papers
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- 1- Initiating Structure
- 2- Consideration
Initiating Structure
leader assure that work has been competed and employees have done their jobs and duties. In this planning, setting goals, motivating them and coaching them are included.Consideration
: leaders emphasized interpersonal relations. They give trust, respect and friendship to their followers.Motivation is based on the worker's perception of the work situation.
Yes i am fully agreed to this statement.
Equity occurs when an individual's outcome/input ratio equals that of the referent. Because the comparison of these ratios (rather than absolute levels) determines whether equity is perceived, equity can exist if the referent receives more than the person making the comparison. When workers perceive ratios to be equal, they are motivated to maintain the status quo or increase inputs to receive greater outcomes.
Unequal ratios result in tension and a desire to restore equity. Overpayment inequity occurs when an individual perceives his/her outcome/input ratio is greater than the referent's. Underpayment inequity occurs when the individual perceives his/her ratio is less than the referent's. In either case, the individual is motivated to restore equity, according to equity theory.
Unequal ratios create tension inside the worker, and the worker is motivated to restore equity. When the ratios are equal, workers are motivated to maintain their current ratio of outcomes and inputs if they want their outcomes to increase
A skill is an ability to act in a way that allows a person to perform highly in her or his role. Managers need three types of skills:
- Conceptual Skills
- Human Skills
- Technical Skills
- Conceptual skills to analyze and diagnose a situation to distinguish between cause and effect
- Human skills to understand, work with, lead, and control the behavior of individuals and groups
- Technical skills job-specific knowledge and techniques required to perform an organizational role.
Effective managers need all three types of skills-conceptual, human, and technical. For example, Entrepreneurs often are technically skilled but lack conceptual and human skills. Scientists who become managers have technical expertise, but low levels of human skills.
Management Skills
Robert Katz has identified three essential management skills: technical, human, and conceptual.
1. Technical Skills
The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise. All jobs require some specialized expertise, and many people develop their technical skills on the job.
2. Human Skills
The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups, describes human skills. Many people are technically proficient but interpersonally incompetent
3. Conceptual Skills
1. The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations
- More knowledge.
- Multiple choices.
- Can share more in shorter time.
- Everything became almost instant. (SMS, Internet connectivity, cellular phone technology, Wi-Fi and other technologies).
