Three major areas of speech production in articulatory-01913
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Bilabial
This sound is made with two lips (for example, /p/ and /b/). The lips come together for these sounds.
Labiodental
This sound is made when the lower lip is raised to touch the upper front teeth (for example, /f/ and /v/).
Dental
This sound is made with the tongue tip or blade and upper front teeth. For example, say the words thigh, thy and you will find the first sound in each of these words to be dental.
Alveolar
This sound is made with the tongue tip or blade and the alveolar ridge. You may pronounce words such as tie, die, nigh, sigh, zeal, lie using the tip of the tongue or the blade of the tongue for the first sound in each of these words (which are alveolar sounds).
Retroflex
This sound is produced when the tongue tip curls against the back of the alveolar ridge. Many speakers of English do not use retroflex sounds at all but it is a common sound in Pakistani languages such as Urdu, Sindhi, Pashto, Balochi and Punjabi.
Palato-alveolar
This sound is produced with the tongue blade and the back of the alveolar ridge (for example, first sound in each of words like shy, she, show)
Palatal
This sound is produced with front of the tongue and the hard palate (such as the first sound in 'yes'.
Velar
This sound is produced with back of the tongue and the soft palate (such as /k/ and /g/).
